Inorganic carbon:
Berner, E. K. and R. A. Berner (1987) The Global Water Cycle. Prentice Hall.
Johnson, K. S., 1982. Carbon dioxide hydration and dehydration kinetics in seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 27: 849-855.
Dissolved organic carbon:
Hansell, D. A., Carlson, C. A., 1998. Deep-ocean gradients in the concentration of dissolved organic carbon. Nature 395: 263-266.
Hansell, D.A., S.R. Emerson, C.A. Carlson and S. Suzuki. Dissolved organic carbon export with North Pacific Intermediate Water formation. Nature (submitted).
Hansell, D.A. and C.A. Carlson. Biogeochemistry of total organic carbon and nitrogen in the Sargasso Sea: control by convective overturn. Deep-Sea Research II (revised submission).
Particulate organic carbon:
Falkowski, P. G., Barber, R. T., and Smetacek, V., 1998. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science 281: 200-206.
Particulate inorganic carbon: