UAVs provide a synoptic view of these near surface phenomena not available to boats and ships. Many of these can also be observed with satellites, but UAVs can fly under cloud cover and collect data at centimeter-scale spatial resolution. Moreover UAVs are not subject to the constraints of orbital mechanics, and can be quickly deployed in response to short-lived events of scientific interest.

In addition to imagers, UAVs can carry sensors to measure atmospheric particulates and gases such as dimethyl sulfide and carbon dioxide and other constituents relevant to marine ecology and climate. In addition to science applications, UAVs can be used to locate lost assets at the sea surface, such as AUVs or other gear. UAV operations are much cheaper and safer than crewed aircraft flights, which may cost hundreds of dollars per hour.